On the foundation of non-seismic active earth pressure theory

the seismic active earth pressure formulas

in the conditions of filling surface incline

wall back incline

filling soil having the characteristic of c and ?

having the c and ? action between the wall back and filling soil

the filling soil having horizontal and vertical acceleration

were obtained with differential layer method

these formulas included their distribution and total force. At the present time

the every active earth pressure formula in earthquake and non-earthquake condition is the special example of this paper’s construction. The total earth pressure calculated with differential layer method is consistent with other method such as Coulomb’s earth wedge equilibrium method; but its acting position is raised up; therefore

the design of retaining wall oughted to pay enough attention to this aspect.