Combined with swipe loading method

fixed displacement ratio method and fixed load ratio method

the bearing capacity of shallow skirted foundations subjected to horizontal and moment combined loadings is explored through plane strain finite element numerical studies. The effect of embedment and soil strength nonhomogeneity on the failure envelope of skirted foundations is investigated; and the soil deformation mechanism under various combinations of horizontal and moment loads is shown. The validity of two types of swipe loading methods is compared. From the results

it is indicated that for nonhomogeneous soil

under the condition that the ratio of embedment depth to width is larger than 0.3

the failure envelope of skirted foundations is positively oblique; however the failure envelope is negatively oblique when the ratio of embedment depth to width is lower than 0.3. The phenomena of negative obliquity does not occur for skirted foundation in uniform soil.