More attention has focused on the issue of shallow tunneling across pile foundation. In this paper

a two-stage approach is used to analyze axial forces and displacements of pile caused by shallow tunneling. Free-field tunneling-induced ground moving is estimated based on an analytical solution given by Loganathan and Poulos (1998a). A simplified finite difference formulation is then developed

based on the Winkler model of soil reaction

for computing the pile response induced by the estimated free-field ground movements. Finally

a case history has been studied with both the proposed two-stage approach and a complete finite element analysis. The results obtained by both methods are in fair agreement. Because the simplified method does not need complex model

it can be used well in engineering.