According to the one-and three-dimensional engine cycle simulation

the effect of Miller cycle on the fuel consumption

detonation and combustion characteristics of a compact 3-cylinder turbocharged gasoline engine was studied when the inlet valve was closed early and late （EIVC and LIVC） respectively. Results show that both Miller cycle are effective in reducing fuel consumption

with an average reduction of about 8%. At low load

the EIVC strategy has a greater throttle opening and inlet air pressure than the LIVC

resulting in a relatively small pumping loss with better fuel economy. At high load the EIVC strategy can significantly reduce the tumble flow in the cylinder and the turbulent kinetic engine at the end of compression

resulting in slower combustion. This makes the crank angle of 50% mass fraction burned （MBF50） retard 2.5°crank angle

therefore

its fuel economy and anti detonating are worse than the LIVC.