[Objective] With the development of electric vehicles

the VIENNA rectifier

as a key component of new energy vehicle charging stations

has also been widely applied. However

when connected to the grid

the VIENNA rectifier injects harmonics into the grid. To address the unclear mechanism of harmonic coupling between its AC and DC sides

this paper establishes a harmonic state space (HSS) model of the VIENNA rectifier. [Methods] Firstly

based on the HSS theory

the VIENNA rectifier was modelled

and the harmonic coupling impedance matrix was derived. Secondly

based on the coupling impedance distribution diagram and the coupling impedance amplitude diagram

the harmonic coupling and transmission relationships between different variables were visualized. Finally

simulations were conducted based on Matlab/Simulink to compare the computational results of the HSS model with the simulation results of the Simulink model

thereby validating the accuracy of the HSS model. [Results] The harmonic coupling and transmission characteristics of the VIENNA rectifier exhibited a cross-frequency transmission relationship whereby the kth harmonic in the AC-side voltage coupled out the k±2th harmonics in the AC-side input current

and the k±1th harmonic in the DC-side voltage. A 10V/6th harmonic disturbance was injected into both the HSS model and the Simulink simulation model

the results indicated that all key variables were affected. However

the small-signal waveforms of these key variables in both models were largely consistent

with minimal discrepancies. This validated the accuracy of the HSS model established in this paper. [Conclusion] The model established in this paper can accurately reflect the harmonic coupling and transmission laws between the AC and DC sides of the VIENNA rectifier

providing a theoretical basis for the parameter design of the converter and the formulation of effective measures to suppress frequency coupling phenomena.