Seawalls serve as critical infrastructure for mitigating seawater intrusion and storm surge im ⁃ pacts. These structures provide vital protection for coastal urban areas and critical infrastructure. Toe scour represents a primary failure mechanism for seawall structures

potentially triggering progressive in ⁃ stability. During extreme hydrodynamic events

sediment erosion at the toe zone may compromise struc ⁃ tural integrity

ultimately leading to catastrophic failure. Using Hongjiaoyan seawall in Linhai as a case study

the scour depth at the toe under design storm conditions is evaluated through empirical formula ⁃ tion. Results indicate an equilibrium scour depth of 0.31 m at the toe section. Anti-scour measures need to be implemented during the construction of the seawall.