EN光伏发电系统最大容配比取值及项目经济性影响研究
Optimal DC AC Ratio Selection for Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems and Its Impact on Project Economics
- 电力大数据 2025年第9期
- 作者机构：
国家电投集团贵州金元股份有限公司
- 作者简介：
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DOI：
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纸质出版：2025
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何东霖. 光伏发电系统最大容配比取值及项目经济性影响研究[J]. 电力大数据, 2025,(9).
He Dong Lin. Optimal DC AC Ratio Selection for Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems and Its Impact on Project Economics[J]. 2025, (9).
摘要
容配比(DC/AC)作为光伏发电系统设计中的关键参数
直接影响电站的投资成本、发电效率及后期运维策略
已成为光伏项目规划与运行中重点关注的核心问题。本文基于光伏组件性能特性、太阳能辐射资源分布及系统损耗等因素
深入分析了不同环境条件下光伏系统最大容配比的合理取值方法。结合当前新能源上网电价市场化改革和全电量入市政策背景
探讨了限电因素对容配比设计的影响机制。通过宁夏、新疆和吉林等地典型实际案例的对比分析
揭示了容配比与项目经济性的内在关联
提出了综合考虑系统损耗、组件衰减、限电率和市场电价波动的容配比优化设计方法。研究结果表明
在相同边界条件下
容配比从1.0提升至1.3可使度电成本降低约12%-18%
但较高的容配比在限电率超过15%的地区经济性优势明显减弱。最后
本文针对不同地区资源条件和政策环境提出了容配比优化建议
为光伏电站的优化设计和高效运行提供参考。
Abstract
The DC/AC ratio
a critical parameter in photovoltaic (PV) system design
directly influences the power station's investment cost
power generation efficiency
and subsequent operation and maintenance strategies. It has consequently become a core focus in PV project planning and operation. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of methods for determining the optimal maximum DC/AC ratio for PV systems under various environmental conditions
based on factors such as PV module performance characteristics
solar radiation resource distribution
and system losses. Against the backdrop of ongoing market-oriented reforms for new energy feed-in tariffs and the policy of full volume market participation
the impact mechanism of power curtailment factors on DC/AC ratio design is explored. Through a comparative analysis of typical practical cases in Ningxia
Xinjiang
Jilin
and other regions
the intrinsic relationship between the DC/AC ratio and project economics is revealed. An optimized DC/AC ratio design method is proposed that comprehensively considers system losses
module degradation
curtailment rates
and market electricity price fluctuations. The research results indicate that under identical boundary conditions
increasing the DC/AC ratio from 1.0 to 1.3 can reduce the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) by approximately 12%-18%. However
the economic advantage of a higher DC/AC ratio diminishes significantly in regions where the curtailment rate exceeds 15%. Finally
this paper offers recommendations for DC/AC ratio optimization tailored to different regional resource conditions and policy environments
providing a reference for the optimal design and efficient operation of PV power stations.
关键词
Keywords
references
NB/T 10128-2019,光伏发电工程电气设计规范[S].NB/T 10128-2019, Code for Electrical Design of Photovoltaic Power Projects[S]. (in Chinese)
NB/T 10394-2020,光伏发电系统效能规范[S].NB/T 10394-2020, Performance Specification for Photovoltaic Power Systems[S]. (in Chinese)
王斯成, 张臻, 鲁能等. 基于LCOE的光伏电站最优容配比分析模型研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(5): 1-8.
陈攀．永磁风电系统的低压穿越组合控制策略[J]．云南电力技术,2022,50(5):35-40．CHEN Pan. Combined control strategy of low-voltage ride through for permanent magnet wind power system[J]. Yunnan Electric Power, 2022, 50(5): 35-40.
李浩,张伟,刘洋．基于自适应遗传算法的光储容量优化配置研究[J]．南方能源建设,2023,10(1):45-52．LI Hao, ZHANG Wei, LIU Yang. Research on Optimal Configuration of Photovoltaic Storage Capacity Based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm[J]. Southern Energy Construction, 2023, 10(1): 45-52.
赵明,吴清华,孙凯．高限电地区光伏系统容配比影响因素分析及优化建议[J]．内蒙古电力技术,2022,40(3):28-33．ZHAO Ming, WU Qinghua, SUN Kai. Analysis of Influencing Factors and Optimization Suggestions for Photovoltaic System DC/AC Ratio in High-Curtailment Areas[J]. Inner Mongolia Electric Power Technology, 2022, 40(3): 28-33.
刘刚,陈晓东．电价全面市场化背景下光伏容配比经济性分析[J]．广东电力,2023,36(2):67-73．LIU Gang, CHEN Xiaodong. Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic DC/AC Ratio Under the Background of Full Marketization of Electricity Price[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2023, 36(2): 67-73.
王峰,张博．考虑限电风险的光伏系统容配比设计研究[J]．综合智慧能源,2022,44(4):89-94．WANG Feng, ZHANG Bo. Research on DC/AC Ratio Design of Photovoltaic System Considering Curtailment Risk[J]. Comprehensive Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(4): 89-94.
孙磊,马建设．智能优化算法在光伏容配比设计中的应用研究[J]．变压器,2023,60(1):112-118．SUN Lei, MA Jianshe. Application of Intelligent Optimization Algorithm in Photovoltaic DC/AC Ratio Design[J]. Transformer, 2023, 60(1): 112-118.
张伟, 李俊, 王磊等. 考虑组件衰减特性的光伏电站全生命周期发电量预测模型[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(12): 100-107．ZHANG Wei, LI Jun, WANG Lei, et al. A life-cycle energy yield prediction model for photovoltaic power plants considering module degradation characteristics[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47(12): 100-107.
郭越, 程泽, 王一波. 不同安装倾角对双面光伏组件发电性能影响分析[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55(7): 182-188．GUO Yue, CHENG Ze, WANG Yibo. Analysis of the impact of different installation tilt angles on the power generation performance of bifacial PV modules[J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55(7): 182-188.
国家能源局. 光伏电站效能评价规范:NB/T 10394-2020[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2020.
中国气象局风能太阳能中心. 中国风能太阳能资源年景公报(2022年)[R]. 北京: 中国气象局, 2023.
李琼慧, 王彩霞, 黄碧斌等. “双碳”目标下中国新能源发展路径分析[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(1): 1-9.
刘娇, 杨水丽, 侯朝勇等. 考虑地形与遮挡的山地光伏电站优化布置研究[J]. 可再生能源, 2022, 40(4): 448-454．YLIU Jiao, YANG Shuili, HOU Chaoyong, et al. Research on optimal layout of mountain photovoltaic power station considering terrain and shading[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2022, 40(4): 448-454.
谢小荣, 马宁嘉, 刘威等. 新型电力系统限电风险评估与疏导机制研究[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47(6): 2207-2218．XIE Xiaorong, MA Ningjia, LIU Wei, et al. Research on curtailment risk assessment and mitigation mechanism for new power systems[J]. Power System Technology, 2023, 47(6): 2207-2218.
舒印彪, 薛禹胜, 蔡泽祥等. 新能源电力系统电力市场体系建设的关键问题[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(2): 383-396．SHU Yinbiao, XUE Yusheng, CAI Zexiang, et al. Key issues in the construction of electricity market system for renewable energy power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(2): 383-396.
International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC 60904-3:2019 Photovoltaic devices - Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with Reference spectral irradiance data[S]. 2019.
International Energy Agency (IEA). Trends in Photovoltaic Applications 2023[R]. Paris: IEA PVPS, 2023.
DAVIS K, RAVIKUMAR A P, KAUFMANN R H. Optimizing the photovoltaic DC/AC ratio for maximizing investment value: A comprehensive parametric study[J]. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 2022, 12(4): 1028-1036.
LI Z, MA T, YANG H, et al. Long-term performance and degradation analysis of different photovoltaic module technologies[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2023, 252: 112186.
MUNOZ-CERON E, ROMERO-CADAVAL E, SPYRODONOS K. A worldwide review of the state-of-the-art in oversizing and clipping losses management for utility-scale PV plants[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2023, 178: 113247.收稿日期:作者简介:何东霖(1972),男,学士,工程师,主要从事新能源发电项目发展建设和生产运营管理工作；(责任编辑? 李小丫)
NB/T 10128-2019,光伏发电工程电气设计规范[S].NB/T 10128-2019, Code for Electrical Design of Photovoltaic Power Projects[S]. (in Chinese)
NB/T 10394-2020,光伏发电系统效能规范[S].NB/T 10394-2020, Performance Specification for Photovoltaic Power Systems[S]. (in Chinese)
王斯成, 张臻, 鲁能等. 基于LCOE的光伏电站最优容配比分析模型研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(5): 1-8.
陈攀．永磁风电系统的低压穿越组合控制策略[J]．云南电力技术,2022,50(5):35-40．CHEN Pan. Combined control strategy of low-voltage ride through for permanent magnet wind power system[J]. Yunnan Electric Power, 2022, 50(5): 35-40.
李浩,张伟,刘洋．基于自适应遗传算法的光储容量优化配置研究[J]．南方能源建设,2023,10(1):45-52．LI Hao, ZHANG Wei, LIU Yang. Research on Optimal Configuration of Photovoltaic Storage Capacity Based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm[J]. Southern Energy Construction, 2023, 10(1): 45-52.
赵明,吴清华,孙凯．高限电地区光伏系统容配比影响因素分析及优化建议[J]．内蒙古电力技术,2022,40(3):28-33．ZHAO Ming, WU Qinghua, SUN Kai. Analysis of Influencing Factors and Optimization Suggestions for Photovoltaic System DC/AC Ratio in High-Curtailment Areas[J]. Inner Mongolia Electric Power Technology, 2022, 40(3): 28-33.
刘刚,陈晓东．电价全面市场化背景下光伏容配比经济性分析[J]．广东电力,2023,36(2):67-73．LIU Gang, CHEN Xiaodong. Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic DC/AC Ratio Under the Background of Full Marketization of Electricity Price[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2023, 36(2): 67-73.
王峰,张博．考虑限电风险的光伏系统容配比设计研究[J]．综合智慧能源,2022,44(4):89-94．WANG Feng, ZHANG Bo. Research on DC/AC Ratio Design of Photovoltaic System Considering Curtailment Risk[J]. Comprehensive Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(4): 89-94.
孙磊,马建设．智能优化算法在光伏容配比设计中的应用研究[J]．变压器,2023,60(1):112-118．SUN Lei, MA Jianshe. Application of Intelligent Optimization Algorithm in Photovoltaic DC/AC Ratio Design[J]. Transformer, 2023, 60(1): 112-118.
张伟, 李俊, 王磊等. 考虑组件衰减特性的光伏电站全生命周期发电量预测模型[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(12): 100-107．ZHANG Wei, LI Jun, WANG Lei, et al. A life-cycle energy yield prediction model for photovoltaic power plants considering module degradation characteristics[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47(12): 100-107.
郭越, 程泽, 王一波. 不同安装倾角对双面光伏组件发电性能影响分析[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55(7): 182-188．GUO Yue, CHENG Ze, WANG Yibo. Analysis of the impact of different installation tilt angles on the power generation performance of bifacial PV modules[J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55(7): 182-188.
国家能源局. 光伏电站效能评价规范:NB/T 10394-2020[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2020.
中国气象局风能太阳能中心. 中国风能太阳能资源年景公报(2022年)[R]. 北京: 中国气象局, 2023.
李琼慧, 王彩霞, 黄碧斌等. “双碳”目标下中国新能源发展路径分析[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(1): 1-9.
刘娇, 杨水丽, 侯朝勇等. 考虑地形与遮挡的山地光伏电站优化布置研究[J]. 可再生能源, 2022, 40(4): 448-454．YLIU Jiao, YANG Shuili, HOU Chaoyong, et al. Research on optimal layout of mountain photovoltaic power station considering terrain and shading[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2022, 40(4): 448-454.
谢小荣, 马宁嘉, 刘威等. 新型电力系统限电风险评估与疏导机制研究[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47(6): 2207-2218．XIE Xiaorong, MA Ningjia, LIU Wei, et al. Research on curtailment risk assessment and mitigation mechanism for new power systems[J]. Power System Technology, 2023, 47(6): 2207-2218.
舒印彪, 薛禹胜, 蔡泽祥等. 新能源电力系统电力市场体系建设的关键问题[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(2): 383-396．SHU Yinbiao, XUE Yusheng, CAI Zexiang, et al. Key issues in the construction of electricity market system for renewable energy power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(2): 383-396.
International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC 60904-3:2019 Photovoltaic devices - Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with Reference spectral irradiance data[S]. 2019.
International Energy Agency (IEA). Trends in Photovoltaic Applications 2023[R]. Paris: IEA PVPS, 2023.
DAVIS K, RAVIKUMAR A P, KAUFMANN R H. Optimizing the photovoltaic DC/AC ratio for maximizing investment value: A comprehensive parametric study[J]. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 2022, 12(4): 1028-1036.
LI Z, MA T, YANG H, et al. Long-term performance and degradation analysis of different photovoltaic module technologies[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2023, 252: 112186.
MUNOZ-CERON E, ROMERO-CADAVAL E, SPYRODONOS K. A worldwide review of the state-of-the-art in oversizing and clipping losses management for utility-scale PV plants[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2023, 178: 113247.收稿日期:作者简介:何东霖(1972),男,学士,工程师,主要从事新能源发电项目发展建设和生产运营管理工作；(责任编辑? 李小丫)
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