EN摘要
氢能受限于储存和运输难题，一直未能大规模应用，而氨作为一种富含氢的清洁燃料，因其高能量密度、高辛烷值以及便于储存运输的特性，成为科研和工业界研究的热点。在车用发动机领域，将高活性助燃剂与氨进行掺混燃烧，能够在增加发动机压缩比和提高输出功率的同时，提升氨在发动机中的燃烧性能。相比于在发动机中直接燃烧，氨燃料电池更加高效和环保。间接氨燃料电池以氨作为氢载体，经氨重整器产生氢气进入氢燃料电池，实现氢的即产即用和安全高效发电；直接向阳极供应氨的直接氨燃料电池仍处于早期研究阶段。在船舶领域，中日韩以及挪威、德国等欧洲国家，已经部署推进氨燃料动力船舶的商业运营。在发电、热力领域，燃气轮机氨掺混燃烧或纯氨燃烧，以及电站锅炉氨煤混合燃烧可行性均得以验证，将掺氨比例控制在一定范围内，可以获得更好的燃尽性能和更低的污染物排放。随着“绿氨”燃料体系的提出，氨燃料将在全球“零碳”进程中发挥更加重要的作用。
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