Insulation is the most important problem to be solved in the construction of UHV transmission lines． It is of great significance to study the pollution distribution of transmission line insulators under different climates and voltage types． Taking ceramic insulator which is widely used in UHV transmission lines as the research object，the electric field equivalent model is established，and the electric field around the actual insulator string of UHV transmission lines is simulated by adjusting the voltage at the ends of 3 insulator sheds． Typical climates in the north and south are simulated，and pollution accumulation tests of the ceramic insulator are carried out under different voltage types based on the artificial fog chamber built in the laboratory， and the effectiveness of the model is verified． The research results show that in the southern coastal climate，the pollution accumulation on ceramic insulator surfaces are higher than that in the northern climate under two voltage types because of the high humidity of the air． Under DC and AC voltage，the pollution accumulation quality of insulator string increases with the increase of the voltage level． In both climates，the pollution accumulation quality on insulator string under the action of DC voltage on two ends sheds is higher than the middle shed，while the pollution accumulation quality on the upper surfaces of 3 sheds is about the same under AC voltage． And the pollution accumulation quality on the upper and the lower surfaces of 3 insulator sheds under DC voltage is higher than that under the same AC voltage level． The contamination ratio of the ceramic insulator string under DC and AC voltages in southern climate is about 1． 37，while that of northern climate is about 1． 51．