1.中山大学 土木工程学院,广东 珠海 519085
2.广东省水文局佛山水文分局,广东 佛山 528000
3.中山大学 水资源与环境研究中心,广东 广州 510275
刘丙军(1976—),男,博士,教授、博导,研究方向为水资源系统分析。Email:liubj@mail.sysu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-07-24,
修回:2025-09-17,
录用:2025-09-20,
网络出版:2025-10-30,
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刘培霖,易晶晶,邵檀等.拦门沙历史演变对磨刀门咸潮上溯的影响[J].人民珠江,DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.XXXX.XX.001.
LIU Peilin,YI Jingjing,SHAO Tan,et al.Impact of Historical Evolution of Mouth Bar on Saltwater Intrusion in the Modaomen Estuary[J].PEARL RIVER,
刘培霖,易晶晶,邵檀等.拦门沙历史演变对磨刀门咸潮上溯的影响[J].人民珠江,DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.XXXX.XX.001. DOI:
LIU Peilin,YI Jingjing,SHAO Tan,et al.Impact of Historical Evolution of Mouth Bar on Saltwater Intrusion in the Modaomen Estuary[J].PEARL RIVER, DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235...001.
拦门沙是磨刀门河口的重要地貌单元,其形态演变对咸潮上溯过程具有显著影响。本文基于1990—2020年的典型地形数据,采用FVCOM模型定量评估拦门沙变化对盐水入侵过程的影响。结果表明:在1990年地形条件下,最大咸潮上溯距离为46.77 km,而至2020年,随着拦门沙沙体的显著退化,该距离增加至57.79 km,导致平岗供水厂水源点盐度超标持续时间由38 h延长至99 h。拦门沙萎缩亦改变了底层盐水滞留时间的空间分布特征,深槽区域平均延长158 min,而浅滩区域则平均减少至261 min。沙体退化还显著影响河口内盐度水平,尤其对平均盐度的响应更为敏感,最大变化幅度达到81%;相比之下,最高盐度主要受上游径流影响,变化幅度相对较小。
The mouth bar is a critical geomorphic unit in the Modaomen Estuary
playing a significant role in modulating saltwater intrusion and influencing both estuarine dynamics and regional water security. With the continuous changes in river discharge
tidal dynamics
and human interventions
the evolution of the mouth bar has become a central issue in understanding salinity processes in the Pearl River Estuary. Despite its importance
limited quantitative research has been conducted to evaluate the long-term impacts of mouth bar evolution on saltwater intrusion. Based on representative bathymetric data spanning from 1990 to 2020
this study employed the finite-volume community ocean model (FVCOM)
which is well known for its unstructured grid and high-resolution simulation capabilities
to quantitatively assess how morphological changes in the mouth bar affect the intensity
distance
and duration of saltwater intrusion. The model was carefully calibrated and validated using observed hydrological and salinity data
ensuring reliability in capturing the complex interactions between hydrodynamics
sediment dynamics
and salinity transport. Results indicate that in 1990
when the mouth bar remained relatively elevated and intact
the maximum intrusion distance was restricted to 46.77 km. By contrast
in 2020
bar degradation and shrinkage led to a significant increase in intrusion distance
reaching 57.79 km. This morphological decline also extended the duration during which surface salinity exceeded the drinking water standard (0.5 psu) at the Pinggang water intake site
rising from 38 to 99 hours. Such an increase represents a substantial threat to the reliability and safety of regional water supply systems. Furthermore
the shrinkage of the mouth bar altered the spatial and temporal distribution of salinity retention. Specifically
the average duration of bottom-salinity retention in the deep channel increased by approximately 158 minutes
while that in the adjacent shoal areas decreased by about 261 minutes. These contrasting patterns highlight how morphological degradation intensifies saltwater intrusion and redistributes salinity stress across different estuarine sub-regions. The degradation of the sand body further exerted a strong influence on the salinity regime within the estuary
particularly in terms of mean salinity
which exhibited a maximum variation of up to 81%. In comparison
peak salinity levels were shown to be primarily controlled by upstream river discharge
and their variability remained relatively limited. This distinction emphasizes the dual controls of morphology and hydrology on estuarine salinity processes. Overall
this research demonstrates that the long-term evolution of the mouth bar has profound implications for saltwater intrusion dynamics in the Modaomen Estuary. The findings enrich the scientific understanding of estuarine geomorphic–hydrodynamic interactions and provide critical insights for water resources management
salinity control dispatching
and ecological protection in the Pearl River Delta. These results highlight the necessity of incorporating morphological evolution into future estuarine management strategies
particularly under the combined pressures of climate change and human development.
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