
压缩二氧化碳储能技术作为一种新型的压缩气体储能方向,具有储能密度大、经济成本低、运行寿命长、降低碳排放等多方面优势,适合我国大规模长时储能系统建设和可持续发展的需求,发展前景广阔。该技术利用二氧化碳在不同相态下的热力学特性,结合压缩、膨胀等热力循环过程,实现能量的高效存储与释放。其核心设备包括压缩机、膨胀机、换热器及储热罐等关键部件,各组件的热力学建模是系统性能优化的核心基础。当前主流技术路线包括跨临界(TC-CCES)、超临界(SC-CCES)和液态压缩(LCES)二氧化碳储能系统三种,运行原理的差异导致其性能特点、适用场景显著不同。分析表明,不同技术路线的系统循环效率和储能密度存在显著影响:性能方面,TC-CCES系统展现出最高的循环效率,LCES系统则凭借液态二氧化碳的高密度特性,具有显著的储能密度优势;经济性方面,基于平准化储能成本评价,TC-CCES系统最具成本竞争力。
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