In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to restrain the strong background noise and the frequency hopping interference

we proposed and verified the detection of weak transient electromagnetic signal based on the chaotic one-step prediction method. Moreover

we analyzed and simulated the influences of test background noise containing narrow-band interference on chaotic sequence characteristic parameters and chaotic predicted precision. The simulation results show that the background noise can not drive the chaos system to the next non-chaotic phase state

and the predicted precision can not be weakened strongly. The discharge signal was collected in the experiment

and the predicted precision and accuracy rate of chaotic one-step were calculated. The results show that detection error is in the reasonable scope

and the accurate rate is more than 95.8%. Therefore

the one-step prediction method has strong noise immunity. In the practical engineering application

the proposed method can be applied in the remote location of discharge failure point and other discharge sources.