Abstract: Under the background of China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the development of biomass co-firing with coal is one of the most economical and reliable technical routes for the large coal-fired power plants to significantly reduce CO₂ emissions. This work summarizes the technical routes of the biomass direct co-firing in the power plant during the past 15 years, and analyzes the disadvantages. Moreover, a whole-chain biomass co-firing mode is proposed and implemented for the first time in a power plant in Inner Mongolia: the desert marginal land is reserved to plant Salix psammophila near the power plant; the devices of the mechanized harvesting and biomass crushing are modified; the whole-chain technical route of "plant-harvest-transport- storage-pretreatment-combustion" is adopted to provide the stable and low-cost biomass. Based on the field test data, when the biomass co-firing ratio is less than 20%, the technical route of "biomass co-firing in power plants based on the existing pulverizing and combustion equipment" with zero investment is recommended. When a large proportion of biomass is combusted with coal in the power plant, the technical route of "biomass co-firing in power plants with additional biomass independent pulverizing and combustion equipment" is preferential.