Abstract: The fuel cell propulsion system is one of the potential development directions of future green aviation. Facing the bottleneck problems of durability and economy, constructing an efficient system energy management strategy has become the core of reliable application of the aviation fuel cell propulsion system. Combined with the state of the art of researches about fuel cell hybrid systems, this paper reviews the existing energy management strategies based on the analysis of the fuel cell propulsion system architecture. The characteristics and application scenarios of the strategies are analyzed in detail, and qualitative analysis is carried out for strategy adaptability, real-time performance and optimization effect. Meanwhile, different energy management strategies are quantitatively analyzed based on the results of UAV simulation experiments under specific flight conditions. The future development trend of aviation fuel cell propulsion system is also discussed, providing a theoretical reference for the rapid and large-scale application of aviation fuel cell propulsion systems.