适应高比例户用光伏的中低压配电网集中–分布式协调控制
Centralized-distributed Multi-objective Coordinated Control for MV and LV Distribution Networks Adapting to High-proportion Residential PV Units
-
摘要: 大量户用光伏并网使得中、低压配电网的电压越限、电压波动以及三相不平衡问题日益突出,该文研究中低压配电网多目标协调控制策略。首先,结合中、低压配电网的通信和计算能力,提出一种"中压集中式–低压分布式"的新型分层协调控制架构。其次,在中压层面基于三相最优潮流建立分钟级优化控制模型,以网损、三相不平衡度为目标,对中压分布式电源、静止无功发生器及PCC的有功无功输出进行优化。此外,在低压层面考虑PCC有功无功优化指令的快速跟踪与波动抑制、改善低压三相不平衡以及避免电压越限,提出秒级多目标分布式控制模型;同时,结合节点量测能力、指标状态以及指标优先级,建立多目标自适应协调策略。仿真结果表明,所提策略能协调低压储能和光伏逆变器为中压提供有功、无功灵活性,降低95%以上的PCC功率波动率(平均波动率不超过0.5%),将电压偏离度和三相不平衡限制在允许范围之内,同时改善了网络损耗。Abstract: With increasing number of residential PV units, voltage violations, voltage fluctuations and unbalance issues are becoming outstanding in medium-voltage distribution networks(MVDNs) and low-voltage distribution networks(LVDNs). This paper investigated the multi-objective coordinated control strategy between the two voltage levels. Firstly, based on the analysis of communication and computation conditions, a hierarchical coordinated architecture was proposed featuring centralized control in the MVDNs and distributed control in LVDNs. Secondly, in the MVDNs, a centralized control model based on three-phase optimal power flow was developed in the timescale of minutes with multi-objectives to minimize power losses and unbalance, setting P/Q of distribution generations, static var generations and PCC as controllable variables. Moreover, in the LVDNs, a distributed control model considering multi-objectives was proposed in the timescale of seconds to track reference P/Q at PCC given by the MVDN and mitigate its fluctuations, improve unbalance and avoid voltage violations. Coordination strategy between these objectives was also added to the distributed control model. Case studies verified that the proposed strategy can coordinate LV ESSs and PV inverters to provide flexibility for the MVDN, and decrease more than 95% power fluctuation rate(average fluctuation rate not more 0.5%). Meanwhile, voltage violations and unbalance were all improved in the MVDNs and LVDNs.