Abstract: The construction of the new-type power system represents a primary imperative for the attainment of "dual carbon" target, which is currently in the critical stage of accelerating progress. It is urgent to clarify the fundamental issues of the construction of the new-type power system, so as to provide reference and guidance. This paper describes the major changes of power supply, power grid, load and energy storage form of new-type power system; on this basis, the scientific and economic problems of new-type power system construction are proposed from the aspects of power balance theory, stability mechanism, cost estimation, optimization and sharing, and finally, the key technical directions supporting the construction of new-type power system are proposed.