Abstract: Thermal power units coupled with compressed air energy storage technology have received considerable attention in recent years as an effective means of improving the flexibility and economics of traditional thermal power plants. This paper commences with an examination of the importance of thermal power coupled with compressed air energy storage technology in enhancing grid-peaking capacity and facilitating the integration of renewable energy. First, the structure and operation principle of the coupling system is introduced. Furthermore, the technical status and challenges associated with the key equipment within the coupling system are discussed in detail. In addition, the current state of research into fire-storage coupled system integration schemes designing, deep peak-shaving operation, and economic assessment are also presented. Finally, given the current technical challenges, the future research direction and reference value of thermal power units coupled with compressed air energy storage are clarified. This paper aims to provide references and inspiration for future research in the new storage field, promoting sustainable development and innovation.