Abstract: Achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is crucial for promoting high-quality economic development in China. In the face of the upgrading needs of existing CO₂ capture and storage (high energy consumption) and synthetic ammonia (high carbon emission) technologies, it is imperative to develop new small-molecule (CO₂, N₂) conversion and utilization technologies based on renewable energy. To promote the development of small-molecule conversion technology driven by plasma energy, meet the major national needs, and achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, this paper aims at the international scientific frontier and focuses on renewable energy-driven plasma generation, plasma CO₂ conversion and utilization, plasma nitrogen fixation and ammonia synthesis, plasma ammonia/macromolecule pyrolysis and combustion, plasma-catalytic materials and catalytic coupling., The strategy and roadmap for high-voltage discharge plasma technology are proposed to boost the "dual carbon" goal, and effective solutions are proposed for the realization of C, H and N cycles.