Abstract: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) represent a highly efficient and environmentally friendly power generation technology, whose widespread adoption offers significant opportunities for both technological advancement and economic development. The current development focus of SOFCs is on the research and development of high-performance stack components, integrated system configuration, and service life prediction. This article reviews the recent research results and development challenges of stack cells, stack components, and power generation auxiliary systems from multiple dimensions. Based on the understanding of the failure behavior and working principle of the stack, the important guiding significance of using life prediction technology for SOFC life optimization is emphasized. At this stage, SOFC development still faces multiple challenges, and related materials, preparation processes, and prediction models need further research.