Abstract: Direct-drive wave power generation systems with linear generators as the core can directly convert wave energy into electrical energy. It has the advantages of simple structure and high efficiency. However, the wave speed is so low that direct-drive wave generators are bulky and have low power density. In order to solve this problem, combined with the transverse magnetic circuit of the transverse flux motor, this paper proposes a new magnetic field modulated transverse flux linear generator structure for wave power generation based on the speed-increasing effect of magnetic gears and magnetic field modulation motors. First, the machine structure, working principle, and magnetic field modulation mechanism are introduced. Multi-objective optimization methods are used to optimize the generator electromagnetic structure. The effects of different pole slot combinations and modulator tilt angles on the electromagnetic performance of the generator are studied. The losses and efficiency of the generator corresponding to different armature currents are calculated. The power density of the proposed structure, cross connected winding structure, and other transverse flux linear machines in existing literature are compared. Finally, a prototype is manufactured and a machine testing platform is built to measure the thrust and back electromotive force of the generator, proving the validity of the proposed topology and the accuracy of the finite element analysis results.