Abstract: AC and DC transmission lines offer numerous advantages, including high voltage levels, large transmission capacities, reduced electromagnetic radiation, and enhanced laying flexibility. These transmission lines have effectively addressed the limitations of overhead lines and cables in ultra-high voltage transmission, resulting in extensive research and application. Insulation failure is the main cause of safe and stable operation issues in transmission pipeline equipment. Two significant sources of such failures include charged metal particles and charge accumulation at the gas-solid interface. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in the field, both domestically and internationally. The review covers several key aspects, encompassing the space-time interaction between particle charge motion and charge accumulation, the physical mechanism of discharge evolution considering the coupling effect of particles and charge accumulation, insulator performance control theory, enhancement design methods, and particle suppression technology. Building upon this review, the paper also identifies two critical problems that need immediate attention in ensuring the safe operation of pipeline insulation and outlines the technical bottlenecks that must be addressed. To solve the random charged dynamic behavior of micro-nano dust and the induced physical mechanism of weak discharge, it is crucial to overcome the bottleneck in visually detecting the motion behavior of micro-nano dust through advanced measurement techniques. Additionally, the development of a simulation research method based on molecular simulation for understanding charged dust's dynamic behavior and the utilization of discharge detection technology relying on femtosecond transient spectral characteristics are necessary. To address the active particle activity inhibition theory based on the charge regulation mechanism, it is essential to develop a new coating material with precise preparation and a stable coating process. Furthermore, an active synergistic particle inhibition method should be proposed to investigate the application of whole life cycle digital twin technology in transmission pipelines. Effectively working out the problems can significantly contribute to ensuring the safe operation of AC/DC transmission pipeline insulation, thus providing comprehensive support.