Abstract: Linear propulsion mechanisms suffer from track erosion due to sliding electric arcs, which can lead to launch failures. Therefore, researching new arc-resistant metal material is crucial for improving launch efficiency. However, few studies have tested the excellent performance of copper- graphene composite materials (CuGr) under extreme sliding arc erosion conditions. Through the molecular dynamics simulation of the constructed graphene layered distributed CuGr model, this paper reveals the evolution of surface temperature and microscopic material structure during erosion simulation, and proposes an appropriate doped method for graphene in the material. Results show that as the mass fraction of graphene increases and the number of layers decreases, the thermal conductivity of CuGr improves. Graphene effectively reduces the maximum penetration distance. Graphene in the base material also can block dislocation penetration, reducing strain residual depth as the number of layers and mass fraction increase without causing reverse size effects. Graphene can reduce the final erosion pit depth and minimize substrate material mass loss. The depth of the erosion pit of CuGr model is similar. The mass loss of all models has little difference but decreases with the increase of layers. The results are all better than that of Cu model. By comparing the simulation results, the optimal choice is six-layer CuGr1%. These findings reveal the rules and microscopic mechanisms of arc erosion resistance in copper-graphene composite materials, providing theoretical support and technical guidance for developing higher- performance CuGr materials.