Abstract: In this paper, dynamic modeling of pavement photovoltaic (PV) array based on the cellular automata theory is proposed, and the output characteristics under the random vehicle shadows are explored and analyzed. Firstly, based on the engineering model of PV modules, a mathematical model of the output characteristics is established. Then, based on the cellular automata, NaSch model is used as the update rule to simulate the process of the vehicle driving in a single lane and the randomly changing shadow matrix is obtained, the dynamic modeling of the pavement PV array based on cellular automata is establish. Finally, the influence of the two parameters of slowing probability and shading degree on the model is analyzed. At the same time, three scenarios are set to study the randomness of vehicle shadow and its influence on pavement PV array. The simulation and experiment results show that the dynamic random vehicle shadow will significantly affect the output characteristics of pavement PV array, resulting in the single peak or multi-peak state of random variation of the maximum power point, and the MPP is in a state of rapid change. The simple setting of the slowing probability and shading degree in this dynamic model can reflect the fluctuation of the output power caused by the vehicle shadow, which lays the foundation for the subsequent research on power optimization in this scenario.