Abstract: To investigate the distribution characterizations of water-soluble ions from total discharge outlet in the typical ultra-low emissions coal-fired power plants, filterable particulate matters (FPM) and condensable particulate matters (CPM) were collected in nine coal-fired power plants by particulate matter sampling device which accords with the standard of the United States EPA202, and nine kinds of water-soluble ions (Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, F⁻, Cl⁻) were measured. The experimental results showed that the average concentrations of Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and NH₄⁺ in FPM and CPM are 0.17, 0.11, 0.35, 0.10, 0.18 and 0.47, 0.17, 0.67, 0.07 and 0.42mg/N⋅m³. The average concentrations of NO₃⁻, F⁻, Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻ in FPM and CPM were 0.07, 0.34, 0.69, 0.82 and 0.14, 0.40, 0.77, 2.39mg/N⋅m³. And the results showed that Ca²⁺and SO₄²⁻ account for the highest proportion of cations and anions in FPM and CPM, respectively. The pH of condensed solution in CPM is 3.9~5.2. According to the SPSS correlation analysis, the concentration of SO₄²⁻ in FPM decreases with the sulfur content in coal, and the concentration of water-soluble ions in CPM has no obvious correlation with coal quality and the sulfur dioxide content at desulfurization inlet.