Abstract: Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is an efficient way to mitigate CO₂ emission, which has caused serious environmental and ecological problems. Among many CCUS methods, membrane-mediated CO₂ separation has attracted significant interest due to its high energy efficiency, low operation cost, low investment, and easy maintenance and operation. In this paper, we summarized the membrane materials and their separation performance in pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and natural gas upgrading. The critical membrane structure factors and regulation laws affecting CO₂ capture efficiency, the key issues of membrane module development, and industrialization, the integration laws, and the economic laws of the membrane separation system were analyzed. Based on state-of-the-art membrane separation technology and the demand for CO₂ capture, the future research direction of CO₂ capture by membrane method was discussed.