Abstract: Oxy-fuel combustion technology is one of the most promising large-scale carbon capture technologies for coal-fired power plants. This study introduced the development and demonstration of oxy-fuel combustion technology in the world, then systematically reviewed the lessons learned from the Yingcheng 35MW oxy-fuel combustion industrial demonstration plant, including combustion characteristics, heat transfer characteristics, boiler efficiency, pollutant emissions, operation control and system economy, etc. The successful operation indicates that the oxy-fuel combustion technology has completed its full-process verification in a 10 MW-level power plant, proving that it has the technical capability for the construction of a 100 MW-level large-scale demonstration project. To achieve the large-scale demonstrations and applications, the economics of oxy-fuel combustion technology is expected to be further improved in the following aspects: the development of low-cost oxygen production technology, scaling-up the oxy-fuel burner, exploration of new low-NO_x oxy-fuel combustion systems such as staged oxy-fuel and flameless oxy-fuel, carrying out the research of acid gas co-compression technology, coupling optimization of the whole plant system, and developing new generation of oxy-fuel combustion technologies etc.