Abstract: The cold start-up process of the boilers in the large-scale anthracite-fired thermal power generation plants will consume a large amount of fuels oil. A new direct ignition technology with the use of the high-temperature oxygen was proposed to address the above challenge. In the proposed ignition technology, oxygen was heated up to the maximum temperature of 1480℃ with very few fuel oil, which was used to directly ignite the pulverized anthracite coal stream. The thermal-state experiments and numerical simulations were implemented to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed ignition technology. Anthracite coal in Yangquan, Shanxi province was selected for the thermal-state experiments with four kinds of different working conditions, and the optimal high-temperature oxygen ignition heat-resource parameters were obtained. Experimental results indicate that the high-temperature oxygen can ignite anthracite coal directly. The thermal-state experiment results are compared with numerical simulation results, which prove that the proposed ignition technology is validated. As a result, a new method is introduced for the cold ignition of the pulverized anthracite coal stream.