Abstract: The performance of thermal energy storage materials will directly affect the efficiency and the costs of solar thermal power generation systems. Therefore, selecting a suitable phase change thermal energy storage material, which has appropriate melting temperature range, large thermal storage density and high heat transfer rate and is environmentally friendly, economical and easy to get, is the key of the development of solar power technology. Based on the collation and analysis of relevant literature, this paper summed up the selection principles of phase change thermal energy storage materials. Research and development status and future trends of the most potential high-temperature molten salt and metal alloy phase change thermal storage materials were systematically summarized and analyzed, and some of the materials’ thermophysical properties were given. Finally, digital tools for phase change thermal energy storage material selection were introduced briefly. This literature review has important reference value for the future development and research on concentrating solar thermal power generation high-temperature phase change thermal storage technology.