级联H桥型电力电子变压器的电磁暂态等效建模方法
Electromagnetic Transient Equivalent Modeling Method of Cascaded H-bridge Power Electronic Transformer
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摘要: 应用于中高压配电网的电力电子变压器(power electronic transformer,PET)广泛采用级联H桥整流器与双有源桥DC/DC变换器两级级联结构。针对其在诸如PSCAD/EMTDC、MATLAB等离线仿真平台中仿真速度极慢的问题,基于诺顿等效及嵌套快速同时求解算法,提出一种级联H桥型PET的电磁暂态仿真提速模型。具体而言,即通过灵活构造高频变压器原/副边的解耦伴随网络,将级联子模块分割为两个单端口网络,进而对等效部分正向求解诺顿(戴维南)等效参数、代入电磁暂态程序整体求解,及反解以初始化下一个仿真步长的电气网络。由于对外等效为仅包含4个外部节点的戴维南(诺顿)等效电路,使得所提模型在系统整体求解过程中计算复杂度几乎不随子模块个数增加。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了级联H桥型PET闭环系统,与详细模型仿真结果对比表明,所提模型能够精确仿真PET暂稳态过程,且具有较高的加速比。Abstract: The power electronic transformer(PET) applied to the medium and high voltage distribution network widely adopts a two-stage cascade structure of a cascaded H-bridge rectifier and a dual-active bridge DC/DC converter. Aiming at the problem of extremely slow simulation speed in offline simulation platforms such as PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB, based on the Thévenin’s equivalent and nested fast simultaneous solving algorithm, an electromagnetic transient simulation accelerated model of cascaded H-bridge PET was proposed. Specifically, by arranging the decoupling companion network of the primary/secondary side of the high-frequency transformer flexibly, the cascaded sub-modules were divided into two single-port networks, and then the equivalent part of the Thévenin’s(Norton’s) equivalent parameters were forwardly solved. Then, the equivalent part was substituted into the electromagnetic transient program for overall solution and inverse solution to initialize the electrical network for the next simulation step. Since the external equivalent form was a Thevenin’s(Norton’s) equivalent circuit with only 4 external nodes, the computational complexity of the proposed model in the overall system solution process hardly increased with the number of submodules. The cascaded H-bridge PET closed-loop control system was built in the PSCAD/EMTDC. Compared with the detailed model simulation results, the proposed model can accurately simulate the PET transient steady-state process and has a high acceleration ratio.