Abstract: An air conditioning load is an important demand response resource, which can provide demand response capabilities driven by price signals and direct control. Existing price-driven mechanisms are often unable to accurately meet preset load reduction targets, whereas direct control mechanisms are usually unable to respect users’ autonomy. A power usage quotas allocation mechanism for air conditioning loads was proposed, including four stages, i.e., submission, reduction, transaction, and settlement. It ensures user’s autonomy while being able to achieve expected load reduction targets. In addition, this paper proposed a method to implement the mechanism based on blockchain, which ensures the transparency and security of the mechanism. Based on blockchain technology, the power company only needs to set the load control target rather than directly dispatching air conditioning load. Air conditioner users collectively dispatch their responsive loads on blockchain, reducing the burden of the power company. The simulation results on Ethereum private chain show the effectiveness of this mechanism.