Abstract: Based on one lightning disaster process of the wind turbine, this study identified the disaster-causing process indicators by analyzing the related atmospheric circulation and energy, environmental temperature and humidity, thermal and dynamic stability, as well as the combined reflectivity of thunderstorm clouds, cloud top temperature, phase microphysical conditions, lightning current intensity, residual magnetic field strength, and other electrical processes. The results show that this lightning disaster was classified as a major lightning disaster accident. The average intensity of its associated radar echo combined reflectivity, cloud top temperature and phase state, and lightning current amplitude during the thunderstorm process were all moderate. All of the K index, vertical gradients of temperature and potential temperature between 500 and 800 hPa, total index TT, and mid-level vertical wind shear were exhibited good indications of the disaster process. Finally, with the help of residual magnetic test and lightning melt investigation, the cause of the fire of the cabin cover was recognized. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen non-engineering lightning protection measures such as lightning monitoring and early warning and risk assessment in wind farms.