Abstract: On account of the complexity of investigating the impact of annular silicon rod arrangement on energy consumption in Siemens polycrystalline silicon furnaces, this study establishes physical models of two annular silicon rod distribution modes in 42 pairs of furnaces: three-ring arrangements and four-ring arrangements and conducts simulation calculations. Analysis of furnace behavior and silicon rod behavior reveals that energy consumption increases with the diameter of the silicon rod, and that the flow field and temperature field influence this change in the furnace. Furthermore, the radiation energy loss with the inner ring silicon rod in the reduction furnace increases first and then decreases with the increase of the diameter of the silicon rod, while the radiation loss of the outer ring silicon rod increases with the increase of the diameter of the silicon rod. According to the arrangement method of silicon rods in 42 pairs of Siemens reduction furnace, the three-ring arrangement of silicon rods is proposed to reduce the energy consumption of the furnace and achieve the purpose of energy saving.