Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach to the intelligent diagnosis of wind turbine blade damages, employing an image processing-based identification and positioning system. The system firstly utilises a combination of image processing algorithms, including image filtering, segmentation, and morphological processing, to detect and recognize damaged areas. The precise location of blade damage is determined through the integration of polygon fitting results, a centroid positioning algorithm, and the coordinates of the outer rectangle. Furthermore, the system accurately identifies the type of blade damage by extracting and analysing basic geometric features, shape factors, and the ratio of the long diameter to the short diameter. Comparative analysis of blade damage detection under varying lighting conditions confirms the system’s adaptive capabilities. Testing results shows that the average detection accuracy of this system is 90%, which has certain reliability and stability.