Abstract: In order to explore the potential for carbon emission reduction of life energy, this paper conducted an empirical analysis on the spatial structure characteristics of main life energy consumption and carbon emissions in 10 provinces in western China using energy and environment theory, multiple linear regression analysis, and principal component analysis. The results indicate that:（1）there is obvious regional heterogeneity in the energy consumption of households in western regions. Sichuan and Gansu have distinct characteristics in the distribution of household energy consumption, while Guizhou, Guangxi, and Yunnan also have noticeable distribution characteristics. The distribution characteristics of household energy consumption are less apparent in Shaanxi, Qinghai, Chongqing, Ningxia, and Xinjiang.（2） the average proportion of main life energy is as follows: solar energy 0.29%, biogas 0.79%, liquefied petroleum gas 19.95%, coal 40.47%, firewood 49.16%, and electricity 53.24%, respectively. The percentage of households using green energy is only 18.1%. The task of achieving carbon neutrality goals through the development of green energy is challenging.（3）If 17.89 million coal users, 42.25 million firewood users, and 17.7 million gas, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas users in the western region transition to the use of green energy, about 37 million tons of standard coal can be saved and more than 100 million tons of CO2 emissions can be reduced every year. The research shows that life energy contains great potential for carbon emission reduction and is a carbon-neutral carrier that cannot be ignored. Therefore, we should further strengthen and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of residents’ domestic energy consumption to promote the realization of carbon peaking and neutrality goals.