Abstract: To study the impact of extreme weather on the heating efficiency of passive solar buildings,key meteorological parameters（direct radiation and dry bulb temperature）were selected to construct extreme cold weather. The main focus was on analyzing the impact of low solar radiation and extreme low temperature on the heating efficiency of passive solar buildings in four cities:Lhasa,Urumqi,Lanzhou,and Harbin. The results show that with the decrease of direct solar radiation and temperature,the heating potential of Harbin decreases the most in the whole heating season. When direct solar radiation decreases by more than 50%,Lhasa,Lanzhou,and Urumqi experience the greatest decrease in heating potential,while Harbin experiences the most significant decrease when radiation decreases by 43%. Regarding temperature,Lhasa and Harbin exhibit the highest decrease in heating potential when the temperature decreases by no more than 10 ℃. On the other hand,Lanzhou and Urumqi experience the most significant decrease in heating potential when the temperature decreases by 11 ℃ and 15 ℃,respectively. The sensitivity analysis of meteorological parameters on heating potential show that direct solar radiation has a greater effect on solar heating potential compared to temperature. Furthermore,the global sensitivity analysis of different design factors reveal that the physical parameters of building insulation materials have a higher impact on heating potential than other design parameters.