Abstract: Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation is a novel,green and energy-saving freshwater regeneration technology. As a key component,photothermal conversion materials are of great research significance. Among them,biomass-based photothermal materials have piqued extensive attention due to their abundance,biodegradability,low thermal conductivity,naturally unique structures,and low cost. In order to foresee the development trend of biomass-based interfacial solar water evaporation,this paper started by elaborating on the basic mechanisms of the interfacial solar water evaporation system. The types of biomass-based photothermal materials were introduced according to their biological origins,and the structures of the biomass-based interfacial solar water evaporation system were discussed. Finally,the current research status of biomass-based interfacial solar water evaporation systems was summarized,and the future development trends were pointed out.