Abstract: In this study,a series of acidic,basic and neutral ionic liquids were synthesized by two-step method.Their structures were characterized by FT-IR spectra,NMR.The detection and analysis showed that their structures were in accordance with their theoretical structure.These synthetic ionic liquids were then used as catalysts to catalyze the synthesis of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate into glycerol carbonate.The effects of molar ratio of glycerol to dimethyl carbonate,reaction temperature,reaction time and ionic liquid dosage on transesterification and stability of the ionic liquid were investigated.The results showed that the basic ionic liquids have higher catalytic activity compared with acidic,neutral ionic liquids and inorganic basic catalysts in the transesterification.With BmimIm ionic liquid as the catalyst,when w（dimethyl carbonate）:w（glycerin） was 3:1,the reaction temperature was 80℃,reaction time was 70 minutes,and ionic liquid（catalyst） dosage was 12% of the glycerol mass,glycerin conversion rate was 96%,and the selectivity and yield of glycerol carbonate was 97% and 94%,respectively.After recycling ionic liquid for eight times,glycerin conversion rate can still reach 85%,and the selectivity of glycerol carbonate can reach approximately 90%.The above study reveals that synthetic basic ionic liquid was an ideal green catalyst in esterification reaction.