Abstract: In view of the low output power and poor stability of the microbial fuel cell,the simulation experiment platform of microbial fuel cell is set up,and the maximum power tracking control scheme based on improved perturb ＆ observe algorithm is designed,and the maximum power tracking control of the microbial fuel cell is carried out by adjusting the duty cycle of the Boost converter.The simulation results show that the improved perturb ＆ observe maximum power tracking control can track the maximum power point of the microbial fuel cell in time,enlarge the steady output power and reduce its vibration,and improve the power supply quality of the microbial fuel cell effectively.