Abstract: Under the dual pressure of energy shortage and environmental degradation,China has taken the lead in proposing the goal of emission peak and carbon neutrality and vigorously developing green and clean renewable energy,especially biomass energy with zero/negative carbon emission advantages. This paper focuses on the practical challenges faced by current large-scale utilization,summarizes the distribution and characteristics of biomass resources in China,proposes the core concept of developing biomass energy based on "geographical" and "raw material characteristics",and comprehensively reviews the development status of related technologies,including biomass power generation technology with energy utilization as the goal,bio liquid fuel technology,bio gas technology,and solid formed fuel technology,as well as high-value utilization technology based on biochar/carbon materials,bio based materials,and chemicals. Finally,strategies and key directions for future development in this field are discussed. At present,the biomass energy industry is facing key nodes of technological breakthroughs and market expansion. It needs to be based on national conditions,respond to challenges,focus on basic and forward-looking technological directions through scientific top-level planning,innovate development models,and provide strong technological support for the rapid development of China’s biomass energy industry.