Abstract: Green Earth is common homeland for human survival and development. Climate change has been a severe challenge to the earth's ecosystem since the global industrialization. Energy is the fundamental issue of human society. World energy transition is defined as the development trend of human energy utilization from firewood to coal, coal to oil and gas, oil and gas to new energy, and from carbon energy to carbon free energy and the process of fundamental transition for main energy factors including energy form, energy technology, energy mix and energy management.Energy system consisted with "New energy"+"Smart energy" and characterized with clean, carbon free, intelligent and efficient as the core is the development trend and direction of world energy transition. The world energy transition has "two driving forces and one pushing force", that is, the internal driving force is the spatial and regional imbalance of the world energy pattern, the external driving force is the gradual rise of new energy competitiveness, and the pushing force is the scientific and industrial revolution with the core of scientific innovation and technological progress. World energy transition has four connotations:politics, technology, management and commerce. The political synergy with the core of consultation and global cooperation mechanism is the political connotation of world energy transition; the transformation from resource-based to technology-based energy system is the technical connotation of world energy transition; the continuous improvement of intelligent level is the management connotation of world energy transition; the transformation from international oil companies to international energy companies, the business model transformation is the business connotation of the world energy transition. The pathway of world energy transition is that the international community gradually realizing the low-carbon revolution of fossil energy, the low-cost revolution of new energy and the intelligent revolution of energy management through political coordination, science and technology promotion, management driving and business pushing, promoting the transformation of the world primary energy consumption structure from fossil energy to non-fossil, clean new energy, and promoting the energy production and supply system to green, clean, efficient and safe, achieving "carbon neutral" between human energy utilization and the earth's carbon cycle system, and effectively coping with global climate change. World energy transition is an inevitable choice to achieve national and regional energy security, a new driving force to promote world economic development and economic growth, a new driving force for world GDP growth, a new force to reshape the world political pattern, an effective measure to fulfill the requirements of the Paris Agreement, achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality"in energy utilization, and cope with global climate change.China is the world's largest energy producer, consumer and carbon emitter. The proposal of development goal of "striving to reach carbon dioxide emissions at peak by 2030, and striving to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060" will accelerate the transition for fossil energy to new energy, realize the "energy revolution", ensure the security of energy supply, and promote the harmonious development of human society and the natural environment in China.