Geochemical characteristics and exploration significance of the Upper Carboniferous source rocks in Shiqiantan sag of the eastern Junggar Basin
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摘要: 准噶尔盆地东部石钱滩凹陷上石炭统海相烃源岩及碎屑岩油气藏的发现开拓了油气勘探的新领域。基于岩心、测井/录井和储层资料,借助烃源岩及油气的地球化学测试和扫描电镜分析等实验手段,对上石炭统石钱滩组烃源岩的地球化学特征与沉积环境开展了分析,建立了石钱滩凹陷的油气成藏模式。研究结果表明,石钱滩组烃源岩为陆源有机质供给丰富的倾气型烃源岩,整体处于成熟—高成熟阶段,是中等—优质烃源岩。其中,石钱滩组一段沉积水体相对更深、还原性更强、盐度更高,烃源岩品质更优。石钱滩凹陷烃源岩厚度大,生气强度大,具备形成大—中型气田的资源基础,呈现出"源内页岩气—近源岩性油气藏—远源构造-岩性油气藏"的立体成藏特征。石钱滩凹陷东北缓坡带的岩性油气藏和西南陡坡带的构造-岩性油气藏将成为未来增储上产的有利区域,西部断阶带的金沟组为油气进一步勘探的现实领域,中部洼陷区是页岩气勘探的潜在有利区。Abstract: The discovery of the Upper Carboniferous marine source rocks and clastic reservoirs in Shiqiantan sag of the eastern Junggar Basin has opened up a new field for oil and gas exploration. Based on core samples, well logging and mud logging data, and reservoir information, in combination with the experimental methods such as geochemical testing and scanning electron microscopy analysis of source rocks, the paper analyzes the geochemical characteristics and sedimentary environment of the Upper Carboniferous source rocks in Shiqiantan Formation, and also establishes the hydrocarbon accumulation model for Shiqiantan sag. The results indicate that the source rocks of Shiqiantan Formation are gas-prone, rich in terrestrial organic matter, and primarily at a mature to highly mature stage, which are classified as medium to high-quality source rocks. Among these, the source rocks in the Member 1 of Shiqiantan Formation exhibits superior quality, due to deeper depositional waters, stronger reductive conditions, and higher salinity. Shiqiantan sag has thick source rocks with strong gas generation intensity, providing a resource base capable of supporting medium- to large-scale gas fields. It exhibits a three-dimensional accumulation mode characterized by "shale gas within source rocks, near-source lithologic reservoirs, and far-source structural-lithologic reservoirs". The lithologic reservoirs in the northeastern gentle slope zone and the structural-lithologic reservoirs in the southwestern steep slope zone of Shiqiantan sag are favorable areas for increasing reserves and production. Additionally, Jinggou Formation in the western fault-step zone represents a realistic field for further oil and gas exploration, while the central subsag is a potential favorable area for shale gas exploration.
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