Abstract: The complex gas-water relationship severely restricts the prediction of sweet spots and the deployment of well locations in tight sandstone gas reservoirs.In order to systematically study the controlling factors of gas and water distribution in sources-reservoir separated tight sandstone gas reservoirs, this study targets at Shaximiao Formation in central Sichuan Basin and combined with the core characteristics, reservoir physical characteristics, carbon isotope compositions of natural gas components, seismic and logging interpretations, as well as drilling and production data to analyze the source of natural gas in Shaximiao Formation reservoir and the macroscopic distribution and microscopic occurrence state of the fluid, and establishes the gas-water distribution pattern of the tight sandstone gas reservoir in Shaximiao Formation.The research results indicate that gas-producing, water/gas-producing and water-producing wells coexist in the southern part of central Sichuan (Zone A), while the reservoirs are gas-rich and water-free in the northern part of central Sichuan (Zone B), and the formation water is dominated by bound water.Natural gas from Xijiahe Formation on the eastern slope of western depression of Sichuan Basin, Xujiahe Formation in Zone A, Xujiahe Formation and Da’anzhai Member in Zone B migrated vertically to Shaximiao Formation through the middle and north section of Longquanshan fault, internal faults connected with source rocks, and Jiao① fault, respectively.Then oil and gas migrated laterally and accumulated along sand bodies in river channels.The occurrence state of reservoir fluids is controlled by the physical properties and pore structure of reservoirs.The porosity of gas reservoirs is generally greater than 7%, and fractures are well developed in water formation, showing high permeability (0.5 mD).The hydrocarbon source supply, faults connected with source rocks, and reservoir differences synergistically control the natural gas charging and saturation distribution in Shaximiao Formation, and dominate the pattern of gas-water distribution within the reservoirs.In Zone A, the tight reservoir exhibits an average gas saturation of 50.7%, characterized by favorable reservoir properties, where the free water content can reach 40% in partial areas, and some wells produce water.In Zone B, the tight reservoir exhibits an average gas saturation of 55.8%, with relatively poor reservoir properties and high bound water saturation, and wells only produce gas rather than water.Additionally, the complex gas-water distribution in Zone A is also influenced by the cooperative adjustment of low-amplitude nose-shaped uplift structures and faults.