Abstract: Shale gas is a clean and efficient unconventional natural gas resource. In the past decade, In the past 10 years, China has made breakthroughs in Marine shale gas exploration, which has played an important role in ensuring national energy security, and China has become the second largest shale gas producer in the world. Compared with foreign countries, China's marine shale gas resources are widely distributed in Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous areas, and seismic exploration techniques have achieved rapid development under the incentives of both poor natural conditions and urgent resource demand. This paper focuses on the technical challenges of marine shale gas seismic exploration under complex conditions of mountainous and subsurface structure in China, investigates and analyzes the current status of marine shale gas seismic exploration techniques, and clarifies the goal of technological development to improve the drilling rate of horizontal wells through efficient and economic acquisition, high-precision seismic imaging, and shale gas reservoir interpretation. The paper systematically summarizes the key technologies for marine shale gas seismic exploration in China, mainly introduces the key technologies attracting much attention from the industry, such as node acquisition, anisotropic depth migration, rapid imaging while drilling, and geomechanical parameter prediction, and further analyzes their application effects. Finally, the main problems and development directions faced by China's marine shale gas seismic exploration technology are proposed. It is required to accelerate the research and development of high-end independent seismic acquisition and processing technology considering complex geological conditions in China, build a solid petrophysical foundation, deepen the integration of geology and engineering, improve the popularization and application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of shale gas geophysics, and promote the efficient utilization of deep and ambient pressure shale gas resources.