Abstract: The early exploration mainly focused on conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs in the middle-shallow positive tectonic zone in Tuha Basin. However, there is little research on explorations in new strata, new fields, and new types of oil-gas resources. In recent years, based on the synthetic research as well as gravity-magnetic-electrical method, seismic, drilling, and test data, a new round of efforts have been made on basin-level full-stratum fine structural interpretation, source rock evaluation, sedimentary and reservoir characterization, as well as investigations of hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment regularities. The main understandings obtained are as follows. (1) The Tuha Basin underwent three tectonic movements of Hercynian-Indosinian, Yanshan, and Himalayan, by which basement faults, detachment faults, and piedmont thrust faults are developed, and have been controlling the distribution and uplift-depression pattern of different tectonic units in different periods. (2) The basin has developed four sets of source rocks with the Carboniferous marine and marine-continental transitional facies, Permian lacustrine facies, Triassic lacustrine facies, and Jurassic lacustrine facies/coal series, which have effectively enhanced the potential of oil-gas resources. (3) Three types of reservoirs are developed in the basin, i.e., Carboniferous carbonate rock, Permian-Jurassic clastic rock, and coal rock. (4) In addition to conventional oil and gas, new types of oil and gas such as tight sandstone oil and gas and deep coalbed methane are also detected in the basin. (5) Through comprehensive evaluation, six new exploration areas were selected, including Jurassic tight sandstone gas reservoirs, deep coalbed methane reservoirs, reservoirs in the large tectonic area of the piedmont overthrust belt, Permian-Triassic lithologic-stratigraphic reservoirs in the slope area, Permian-Triassic tectonic-lithologic reservoirs in the thrust belt at the western margin of the basin, and Carboniferous marine hydrocarbon reservoirs in Tainan sag, focusing on 17 favorable oil-gas exploration directions. Based on the different degree of understanding and research progress in hydrocarbon exploration, the exploration work is carried out at three levels, i.e., strategic deployment, strategic breakthrough, and strategic preparation, so as to find new breakthroughs in oil-gas prospecting.