Abstract:
To accelerate the commercial development of deep coal measure gas is crucial for guaranteeing national energy security and achieving the "dual carbon" goal. Based on the geological and occurrence characteristics of deep coal measure gas, the paper initially proposes the integrated development of coal measure gas, and then elaborates on the application of composite fracturing fluid for the integrated stimulation of coal measure gas reservoirs, so as to establish a low-carbon emission technical system that combines increased production of coal measure gas with synchronous CO
2 sequestration. This forms the technology path for the integrated development of deep coal measure gas. As the burial depth and formation pressure increase, the content of free gas in various types of deep coal measure reservoirs rises, and the contributions from shale gas in coal seams, tight gas, and water-soluble gas are gradually increased, leading to an increase in the total coal measure gas resources. Compared with coal reservoirs, mud shale and tight rock layers exhibit higher reconstruction ability and lower sensitivity. The integrated transformation in these layers can facilitate the establishment of long-term fluid migration and production network channels, thus overcoming the vulnerabilities of coal reservoirs. The liquid-phase CO
2 preflush fluid possesses stronger width generation capacity than the water-based fracturing fluid, especially in supercritical conditions in deep reservoirs; it can increase production through reservoir extraction and stimulation, i.e., enhancing CBM deabsorption, enlarging expansion area, increasing reservoir permeability and preventing water damage. Under allowable reservoir conditions, the production of coal measure gas can be enhanced by competitive adsorption with CH
4. Liquid-phase CO
2 adsorption can induce coal rock expansion, thus creating microfractures that further connect with matrix pores and fractured cracks, which can promot the transition of gas migration from diffusion to seepage. The multiple production-improving effects of liquid-phase CO
2 provide supports for the commercial development of coal measure gas as a low-carbon energy source. Additionally, the injected CO
2 can be stored in the adsorption,free and dissolved state in coal measure reservoirs. Therefore, the integrated development technology based on liquid-phase CO
2 preflush fluid is characterized by low-carbon emission and carbon emission reduction. As a sand-carrying fluid, the water-based low-damage fracturing fluid has lower capillary pressure, possessing stronger fracturing capabilities, which can effectively inhibit water locking and speed-sensitivity damages to reservoirs. The paper establishes a reservoir evaluation method guided by coal measure mechanical stratigraphy. In multiple coal seams with developed shale gas and tight gas, vertical or cluster wells are preferred for integrated development of coal measure gas in the layers and sections of sweet spots; in a single thick coal seam without developed shale gas and tight gas, horizontal well positions are preferred. This can achieve geological engineering integration and the approach of one method for one well. By using techniques such as layered (sectioned) multi-cluster uneven perforation, large displacement, variable displacement, and large liquid volume fracturing, combined with flow restriction measures including temporary blocking outside the casing, temporary blocking inside the fractures, sand removal at the ends, and repeated fracturing, the inter-layer conflicts between various types of reservoirs during fracturing can be overcome, resulting in interlayer interference and achieving uniform stimulation of various reservoirs; additionally, a complex multi-level fracture network system has been constructed. The multi-grade proppant can effectively support the fractures of different levels and provide a room-pillar support for the fracture network. Thus, while achieving the development of deep coal measure gas and obtaining low-carbon energy, synchronous CO
2 sequestration is also possible. The CCUS technology path proposed based on low-negative carbon emission will provide theoretical and technical supports for the construction of China's large coal measure gas industry and achieving "carbon neutrality".