印森林, 高阳, 胡张明, 熊亭, 冯文杰, 赵俊威, 程乐利. 基于无人机倾斜摄影的露头多点地质统计模拟——以山西吕梁坪头乡石盒子组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(2): 198-216. DOI: 10.7623/syxb202102005
引用本文: 印森林, 高阳, 胡张明, 熊亭, 冯文杰, 赵俊威, 程乐利. 基于无人机倾斜摄影的露头多点地质统计模拟——以山西吕梁坪头乡石盒子组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(2): 198-216. DOI: 10.7623/syxb202102005
Yin Senlin, Gao Yang, Hu Zhangming, Xiong Ting, Feng Wenjie, Zhao Junwei, Cheng Leli. Multiple-point geostatistical simulation of outcrop based on UAV oblique photographic data: a case study of Shihezi Formation in Pingtou township,Lvliang city,Shanxi[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(2): 198-216. DOI: 10.7623/syxb202102005
Citation: Yin Senlin, Gao Yang, Hu Zhangming, Xiong Ting, Feng Wenjie, Zhao Junwei, Cheng Leli. Multiple-point geostatistical simulation of outcrop based on UAV oblique photographic data: a case study of Shihezi Formation in Pingtou township,Lvliang city,Shanxi[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(2): 198-216. DOI: 10.7623/syxb202102005

基于无人机倾斜摄影的露头多点地质统计模拟——以山西吕梁坪头乡石盒子组为例

Multiple-point geostatistical simulation of outcrop based on UAV oblique photographic data: a case study of Shihezi Formation in Pingtou township,Lvliang city,Shanxi

  • 摘要: 针对传统野外露头研究方法的不足,利用无人机倾斜摄影具有敏捷性、视角全局性及定量化程度高的特点,对野外三角洲露头数据进行了采集、处理与地质解释,建立了三维数字化露头模型和定量储层地质知识库;结合多露头剖面精细解剖及对比研究,采用岩相组合、层次结构、平剖互动、序贯指示随机模拟和多点地质统计模拟等方法,建立了露头区三维多点地质统计模型。研究结果表明:①无人机采集的倾斜摄影数据体在处理后的三维坐标体系与拍摄的高精度图像信息全面耦合,实现了野外露头地质信息三维数字化、可视化和定量化。在井点设置下,结合单井岩相约束,开展井间基准面旋回露头对比与小层追踪,建立了露头区空间地层框架和定量储层地质知识库。②将传统野外露头剖面解剖与现代无人机倾斜摄影定量储层地质知识库结合起来研究,是建立研究区地质属性空间分布和地质模式的互补手段,可以增强研究结论的合理性。露头区自下而上发育了构型差异较大的3类成因砂体,即交叉叠置型分流河道、分流河道与席状砂坝叠置型和薄层席状砂型或孤立分流河道型等骨架砂体类型。③无人机倾斜摄影模型将二维非规则露头剖面研究向三维空间拓展,建立了三维序贯指示随机模拟模型,不仅加强了剖面间的关联性,还为露头平面沉积微相研究、平剖互动精细刻画砂体构型分布提供了强大支撑。④基于平剖互动及定量储层地质知识库数据确定了三维训练图像结构模式,最后开展了三维多点地质统计模拟,并探讨了相控孔隙度参数及“甜点”分布规律。研究结果显示,多点地质统计模型的实现、各层砂体构型分布与定量储层地质知识库差异较小;同时,各种模型统计数据值差异较小,多点三维模拟实现的模型可靠程度高。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at shortcomings in the traditional research methods of outcrops, using the agility, overall perspective and high-degree quantification of UAV oblique photography, the authors have completed the collection, processing and geological interpretation of delta outcrops, and established the three-dimensional digitized outcrop model and quantitative geological knowledge database of reservoirs. Through the fine analysis and comparative study of multiple outcrop sections, and the use of such methods as lithofacies combination, hierarchical interface, interaction of plane and section, sequential indicator stochastic simulation and multiple-point geostatistical simulation, this study establishes the three-dimensional multiple-point statistical model of the outcrop area. The study shows that:(1) The three-dimensional coordinate system of the oblique photographic data collected by UAV after processing is fully coupled with the information of high-precision images, realizing the three-dimensional digitalization, visualization and quantification of the geological information of outcrops. Under the setting of well points, in combination with the lithofacies constraints of well point, this paper carries out a comparison of outcrops with cross-well base-level cycles and the tracking of substrata, and establishes the spatial stratigraphic framework and quantitative reservoir geological knowledge database of the outcrop area. (2) Combining the analysis of traditional outcrop sections and the quantitative reservoir geological knowledge database of modern UAV oblique photography is a complementary means of establishing the spatial distribution of geological attributes and geological models in the study area, which improves the rationality of research results. Three types of genetic sandbodies with great differences in architecture is developed from bottom to top in the outcrop area, i.e., crossed-superimposed distributary channels, distributary channels superimposed with sheet sand bars, and skeletal sandbodies such as thin sheet sandbody or isolated distributary channels. (3) UAV oblique photography model expands the study of two-dimensional irregular outcrop sections into three-dimensional space, and establishes a three-dimensional sequential indicator stochastic simulation model, which not only enhances the correlation between the sections, but also provides strong support for studying the plane sedimentary microfacies of outcrops, and finely describing the distribution of sandbody architecture by the interaction of plane and section. (4)Based on the interaction of plane and section, as well as data from the quantitative reservoir geological knowledge database, this paper determines the structure model of three-dimensional training images, finally conducts three-dimensional multiple-point statistical simulation, and explores the facies-controlling porosity parameters and "sweet spot" distribution rules. The results show that there are small differences in the realization of the multiple-point model, the distribution of sand bodies in each layer, the quantitative reservoir geological knowledge database, and also the statistical data values of various models; the model achieved by multiple-point 3D simulation is highly reliable.

     

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