Abstract: Recently, a new breakthrough has been made in natural gas exploration of Sinian-Cambrian Sichuan Basin, but there is also a big debate on the understanding of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian tectonic movement. Through the research on petrologic characteristics, seismic profile characteristics, sedimentary environment and other aspects, it is recognized that a great difference exists between the Late Sinian tectonic movement and Early Cambrian tectonic movement. It is considered that Tongwan tectonic movement is characterized by overall uplift and subsidence with three episodes of tectonic movement, i.e., Tongwan Episode I, II and III refers to the late sedimentary period of algae-rich layer in Member 2 of Dengying Formation, the late sedimentary period in Member 2 of Dengying Formation, and the late sedimentary period in Member 3 and Member 4 of Dengying Formation respectively. It is also considered that hydrothermal sedimentation exists in the rimmed carbonate platform of Dengying Formation in Tongwan period under the action of slight cracking. Moreover, the Early Cambrian Xingkai tectonic movement is dominated by riftogenesis in two episodes of tectonic movement, i.e., Xingkai Episode I and II refers to the sedimentary periods of Maidiping Formation and Qiongzhusi Formation respectively. The Upper Yangtze carbonate platform underwent intense cracking in Xingkai period, and hydrothermal process was generally strong. However, till Xingkai Episode II, rift activities mainly occurred in the south of Sichuan Basin and north of Guizhou, while weaker in Central and Northern Sichuan Basin. It is believed that the uplift and denudation not only controlled the development of three major karst weathering crusts in Tongwan period, and the huge Mianyang-Yibin-Huidong erosion gully was formed to control the clastic sediments dominated by mud and shale in Lower Cambrian Maidiping Formation. Xingkai movement controlled not only the development of favorable source rocks, but also the distribution of favorable source-reservoir configuration zones in combination with Tongwan movement. Therefore, two different tectonic movements were developed in Late Sinian-Early Cambrian Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas. These two tectonic movements promoted the development of reservoirs and source rocks respectively, of which the paragenetic association led to a favorable hydrocarbon accumulation assemblage in Sinian and Cambrian.