Abstract: Ground-based multichannel microwave radiometer（GMR） can be used to observe and retrieve atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles,it has been widely used in atmospheric observation.However,due to the limitation of the observation mode and data retrieve method,GMR is only used for the atmospheric observation at a fixed station,it cannot be used for the mobile observation for atmosphere.In order to observe the atmosphere profiles by using the vehicle-mounted GMR,an independently developed GMR is improved and installed on the vehicle platform,the feasibility of mobile atmospheric observation technology is studied by using the vehicle-mounted GMR.The results show that the mobile observation technology is feasible by using the vehicle-mounted GMR.In addition,the vehicle-mounted observation data is used to analyze the urban heat island and convective available potential energy（CAPE） at Xi’an,China.The results show that the urban heat island effect could be observed by mobile observation.The temperature in the central of Xi’an is about1 ℃ higher than that in the suburbs,and the CAPE is also 1 000～2 000 J/kg higher than that in the suburbs.