Abstract: Under the global warming climate change, there are large differences in the regional climate change. This paper analyzes the characteristics and regional differences of climate change in five Central Asian countries during 1901-2017 based on the monthly climate data series of Central Asian arid zones published by CRU. The conclusions are as follows: the average temperature rose significantly in Central Asian, the warming rate reached 0.37 ℃/10 a since the mutation warming in 1988, and the 21 st century was the warmest period. The average temperature in four seasons had an obvious difference that showed a larger increase in spring and winter. The temperature rise in plain areas was 0.05 ℃/10 a higher than that in mountainous areas. The maximum temperature increased the least, the minimum temperature the most, and the summer minimum temperature increased nearly twice as much as the maximum temperature. The increase rate of maximum temperature in high-mountain areas is slower than that in plains. The annual precipitation in Central Asia shows an increasing trend, which is more than 2 times after the abrupt change. Under the influence of westerly and Mediterranean climate, combined with the block of mountains, the precipitation decreases from north to south. Precipitation shows an increasing trend in all seasons from 1901 to 2017, there is higher precipitation in spring and winter,which also shows a relatively higher growth rate. The overall trend of precipitation days is slightly increasing, with significant variation among countries.