Abstract: Based on daily average temperature and daily lowest temperature,and ERAS daily lowest temperature reanalysis data from the 99 national meteorological observation stations during the winter of 1981-2020,abnormal low winter temperature years,cold winter,strong cold winter,single station extreme cold temperature events and regional continuous extreme low temperature events were identified.The results are as follows:the average winter temperature in Xinjiang was abnormally different from the cold winter year in Xinjiang during 1981-2020.The extreme low temperature events of single stations in winter in Xinjiang were generally decreasing,the frequency in December and February was higher than it in January,but the slip in December was greater than in February,and the overall increasing trend was observed in January.There were 53 regional sustained extreme low temperature events occurred in Xinjiang,the whole Xinjiang type appeared the highest frequency among them,the frequency of the northern Xinjiang type was more than that of southern Xinjiang type,mountain type was the least,and the most frequent episodes were the events lasting 10-15 d.The frequency of regional sustained extreme low temperature events in Xinjiang in winter had been decreased,but the duration of a single event had not been significantly reduced,and the scope of influence was expanding.Four different types of cold winter were summarized based on the average and extreme conditions of winter temperature.When the survey stations with high frequency of extreme low temperature events in winter,long duration and more than 50% stations appearing cold winter（strong cold winter）,the probability of the consistent lower average temperature in winter in the region is large.When the frequency of extreme low temperature events in winter is low,the duration is within10 d,there are few or no measurement stations in cold winter,the probability of the average temperature in winter being uniformly low is small.